全球茶葉消費概況簡析（一）

 

　　2020年，在與新冠肺炎疫情作斗爭的同時，一些茶葉主產(chǎn)國也不得不面臨其它挑戰(zhàn)，如中國的航運物流和成本控制問題，肯尼亞的茶業(yè)監(jiān)管問題，印度強降雨天氣和斯里蘭卡茶園工人的工資問題。 然而，值得慶幸的是，所有產(chǎn)茶國的茶產(chǎn)業(yè)作為基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)業(yè)還在持續(xù)發(fā)揮作用，這便確保了全球茶業(yè)遭受的損失比大多數(shù)其它行業(yè)要小。

 

　　Whilst battling with the challenges brought upon by the Covid-19 pandemic, several major tea producing countries also had to encounter battles with various non-COVID- 19 related issues through 2020, such as shipping logistics and costs related challenges in China, regulatory matters in Kenya, heavier rainfall experienced in India and plantation worker wage issues in Sri Lanka. However, all tea producing countries commendably continued to function as essential services, which in turn made sure that the global tea industry suffered less than most other industries.

 

　　因中國和肯尼亞這兩個茶葉生產(chǎn)國的茶葉產(chǎn)量達到歷史新高，2020年，全球茶葉產(chǎn)量增長1.8%。中國和肯尼亞的茶葉年產(chǎn)量分別增長了6.7%和25%。

 

　　在中國，因產(chǎn)量增加，年底仍有大量茶葉庫存。印度也是如此，茶葉批發(fā)商和生產(chǎn)商手中都有大量茶葉積壓。過去通過拍賣方式買到更多低價茶葉的肯尼亞出口商，在年底也有茶葉庫存。

 

　　Boosted by increased production in China and Kenya that resulted in historical highs in these two producing countries, global production in 2020 grew by 1.8%. Annual production of tea in China and Kenya grew by 6.7% and 25%, respectively. Generally, most producers benefitted from a much-needed price correction that was long overdue to keep  their  respective industries viable in the face of

 

　　increased input costs.

 

　　在中國，因產(chǎn)量增加，年底仍有大量茶葉庫存。印度也是如此，茶葉批發(fā)商和生產(chǎn)商手中都有大量茶葉積壓。過去通過拍賣方式買到更多低價茶葉的肯尼亞出口商，在年底也有茶葉庫存。

 

　　However, it is believed that this increased production has resulted in a significant quantity of tea remaining in stock with producers in China at end of the year. In India too,  a large quantity of tea is known to be held asstock in the pipeline by wholesalers as well as blenders. Exporters in Kenya who had purchased more teas at the auctions to benefit from lower prices that prevailed during the year are also known to have carried over stocks at end of the year.

 

　　必須指出的是，在2019年已經(jīng)成為世界第三大紅茶產(chǎn)地的中國，2020年紅茶產(chǎn)量增長驚人，增至404,265 公噸，年增長率32%。盡管中國和肯尼亞產(chǎn)量增加，全球年出口量下降4%（8000萬公斤）。中國、印度、斯里蘭卡、阿根廷年出口量均有下降。

 

　　It must be noted that having become world's third largest Black Tea producing country in 2019, Black Tea production in 2020 in China grew to a staggering 404,265 mt., recording a staggering annual growth of 32%. Despite the large production increases in China and Kenya, global annual exports declined by 4% （80 million kgs.）。 Lower exports made during the year by China, India, Sri Lanka and Argentina, contributed to this decline.

 

　　隨著茶葉生產(chǎn)國出口量的減少，全球茶葉進口量也下降了 4%（7700萬公斤），詳見下圖。

 

　　In accordance with this reduction in exports from producer countries, global imports

 

　　（Graph below） also recorded a 4% （77 million kgs.） decline during the year.

　　在這種情況下，巴基斯坦全年茶葉進口量大幅增長 22%（4600萬公斤）。 近年來，巴基斯坦西北邊境區(qū)域的非官方貿(mào)易不太順利，導(dǎo)致通過透明的官方渠道進口的茶葉量更多。巴基斯坦進口量達到2.52億公斤。相比過去十年間增長100%。

 

　　With this reality, the huge annual increase by 22% （46 m kgs.） of imports by Pakistan is significant. A less conducive trading environment experienced by unofficial traders in the North West Frontier province in recent years has led to the importation of more goods into the country through transparent, official channels. imports into Pakistan reached 252 million kgs. during the year, recording a stupendous growth of 100% within the last ten years.

 

　　英國茶葉市場經(jīng)過幾年的下滑之后，其茶葉進口量增長6%，凈增長9%，這得益于2020年居家飲茶的消費增多。在最近 50 年的時間里，英國的茶葉進口量一直在下降，隨著袋泡茶、混合茶被更廣泛地接受，來自茶葉原產(chǎn)國的茶葉和其它多種飲料有了更多的競爭對手。本來人們對袋泡茶有90%的喜愛度，但這似乎略有下降，因為人們對散茶重新產(chǎn)生了興趣，而且仍有小部分人群喜歡有機、果茶、香料、花草和綠色食品。近年來，英國除了從肯尼亞進口茶葉，從其它茶葉原產(chǎn)國進口低價茶葉的數(shù)量增多，包括印度尼西亞、越南和南印度。因為肯尼亞的茶葉一直供過于求，而且全球到處都是價格低于2美元/公斤的茶葉，茶葉包裝商和超市零售商不愁貨源。

 

　　After several years of decline or stagnancy of the market, United Kingdom imports grew by 6% with net-imports reflecting an increase of 9% as a direct result of higher in-home consumption during 2020. import volumes into UK have kept declining over a 50-year period, following the wider acceptance of tea bags, multi-origin blends, dilution of country of origin and a wider choice of beverages competing for a share of the throat been some of the factors. Having touched a percentage share as high as above 90% of tea bag penetration, this seems to have declined marginally more recently with a revived interest in loose teas that still remains very much a niche segment along-with organic, fruit and flavours, herbal and Green. In recent times, UK imports from other origins have been increasing in a clear sign of some packers opting to source relatively cheaper tea from Indonesia, Vietnam and South India, adjusting their intake from Kenya. With the continuing over-supply situation in Kenya and with plenty of teas available around the globe at sub-US$2 prices, both packers and supermarkets are spoilt for choice.

 

　　俄羅斯聯(lián)邦的茶葉進口量保持穩(wěn)定，報告顯示，俄羅斯去年的咖啡消費量超過茶葉消費量，占據(jù)熱飲消費超過50%。茶葉人均消費量為1.1公斤，而咖啡人均消費量約為1.4公斤。由于進口關(guān)稅問題，俄羅斯進口的茶葉主要為散茶。美國和埃及的茶葉進口量在這一年均有所下降。

 

　　Tea imports into The Russian Federation remained steady where reports indicate that consumption of coffee overtook consumption of tea last year to represent a share of over 50% of hot drink beverages. Per capita consumption of Tea is 1.1 kgs whereas per capita consumption of coffee is approximately 1.4 kgs. Tea is mostly imported into the Federation in bulk form as import tariffs are in place to favour local packers. imports into USA and Egypt declined during the year but both countries were responsible for large intakes.

 

　　與新冠肺炎疫情直接相關(guān)的是，摩洛哥這個全球最大的綠茶進口國，其進口量下降近25%。幾乎所有進口到摩洛哥的茶葉都是從中國來的，很難在短時間內(nèi)尋找到其它貨源，這可能會影響供應(yīng)鏈。因為3公斤以下包裝的茶葉進口關(guān)稅高達32.5%，幾年前，一些中國企業(yè)在摩洛哥開設(shè)茶葉包裝工廠。目前，90%以上的進口茶葉是散裝形式，采用20-30公斤的紙板箱包裝。最受歡迎的茶葉消費包裝尺寸是 200g，100g和500g也有供應(yīng)。

 

　　Directly related to pandemic related challenges, imports into Morocco, the largest Green Tea importing country in the world declined by nearly 25%. With almost all tea imports into Morocco sourced from China, difficulties in seeking alternate sources at short notice is likely to have impacted the supply chain. Following the increase of import duty for tea up to 32.5% for tea in packages below 3 kg. a few years ago, a few Chinese companies have opened tea packing factories in Morocco. Currently, more than 90% of total imports are in bulk form and generally, imported tea is packed in cardboard boxes of 20-30 kgs. each. The most popular consumer pack size is 200 g. whilst 100 g and 500g. packs are also available.