近日，華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟管理學(xué)院李曉云教授團隊發(fā)表了關(guān)于中國城鄉(xiāng)轉(zhuǎn)移居民食物消費與營養(yǎng)研究的研究成果，研究聚焦中國城鄉(xiāng)轉(zhuǎn)移居民，利用中國健康與營養(yǎng)調(diào)查（CHNS）數(shù)據(jù)，采用雙向固定效應(yīng)模型，探究社區(qū)都市化程度對中國城鄉(xiāng)轉(zhuǎn)移居民食物消費與營養(yǎng)攝取的影響，并分析了都市化程度對遷入城市中心的移民與遷入郊區(qū)的移民影響的異質(zhì)性。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，城鄉(xiāng)轉(zhuǎn)移居民的食物消費與營養(yǎng)攝入顯著地低于城市本地居民，且遷入城市中心的移民的營養(yǎng)攝入顯著優(yōu)于遷入郊區(qū)的移民。移民居住社區(qū)的都市化水平越高，其食物消費種類越多。
社區(qū)都市化程度對熱量攝入的影響隨著家庭人均收入的變化而變化。社區(qū)城市化水平和收入的邊際效用分析發(fā)展，居住社區(qū)都市化水平提高沒有顯著增加低收入移民群體的熱量攝入，卻顯著地增加了移民群體中收入較高人群的熱量攝入。增加家庭人均收入無助于增加欠發(fā)達(dá)社區(qū)移民的熱源攝入量。
研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)，來自蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪的熱量份額均與都市化程度存在顯著的倒U型關(guān)系，這表明，都市化程度對熱量攝入來源的改善作用不是持續(xù)的，當(dāng)都市化指數(shù)達(dá)到66.69和54.26時，相應(yīng)的蛋白質(zhì)供熱份額和脂肪供熱份額達(dá)到最大。
研究結(jié)論指出在高度城市化地區(qū)，尤其是發(fā)達(dá)城市的較高收入移民群體，由于能量攝入過多而導(dǎo)致的超重和肥胖的營養(yǎng)過剩問題不容忽視；欠發(fā)達(dá)城市或郊區(qū)相對貧困遷移居民的營養(yǎng)改善問題應(yīng)當(dāng)從增加收入和改善社區(qū)條件兩方面同時入手。該研究從城市發(fā)展的角度為改善城鄉(xiāng)轉(zhuǎn)移居民的營養(yǎng)狀況，改善居民食物消費結(jié)構(gòu)提供了決策依據(jù)。
審核人：李谷成
【英文摘要】
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of urbanicity on rural–urban migrants' dietary diversity and nutrition intake and whether its effect differs across various urban environments of migrants.
Design/methodology/approach – Using the individual- and time-invariant fixed effects （two-way FE） model and five-year panel data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey （CHNS）， this paper estimates a linear and nonlinear relationship between urbanicity and nutrition. The paper also explores the spatial heterogeneity between rural–urban migrants and rural–suburban migrants. Dietary diversity, total energy intake and the shares of energy obtained from protein and fat, respectively, are used to measure rural–urban migrants' nutrition on both quality and quantity aspects.
Findings – The study shows that rural–urban migrants have experienced access to more diverse, convenient and prepared foods, and the food variety consumed is positively associated with community urbanicity. Energy intake is positively and significantly affected by community urbanicity, and it also varies with per capita household income. The obvious inverse U-shaped relationship reveals that improving community urbanicity promotes an increase in the shares of energy obtained from protein and fat at a decreasing rate, until reaching the urbanicity index threshold of 66.69 and 54.26, respectively.
Originality/value –This paper focuses on the nutritional status of rural–urban migrants, an important pillar for China's development, which is often neglected in the research. It examines the urbanicity and the nutrition of migrants in China, which provides a new perspective to understand the dietary and nutritional intake among migrants in the economic and social development. Moreover, the urbanicity index performs better at measuring urban feathers rather than the traditional rural/urban dichotomous classification.
論文鏈接：https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/CAER-02-2020-0016/full/pdf?title=urbanicity-and-nutrition-evidence-from-ruralurban-migrants-in-china
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