2024年6月15日至2024年9月20日，11個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家報(bào)告了高致病性禽流感（HPAI）疫情的暴發(fā)。自上次報(bào)告以來，截至2024年9月20日，美國(guó)報(bào)告了6例甲型H5N1和5例甲型（H5）病毒感染的人類病例，柬埔寨報(bào)告了5例甲型H5N1病毒感染的人類病例，中國(guó)報(bào)告了1例甲型H5N6和1例甲型H9N2病毒感染的人類病例，加納報(bào)告了1例甲型H9N2病毒感染的人類病例。在歐盟/歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)，一般人群的感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)被評(píng)估為低，職業(yè)暴露人群的感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為低至中度。部分原文報(bào)道如下：

　　

　　Between 15 June and 20 September 2024, 75 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) and A(H7) virus detections were reported in domestic (16) and wild (59) birds across 11 countries in Europe. Although the overall number of detections in Europe continued to be low compared to previous epidemiological years, an increase in cases along the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts was notable, particularly an increase in the detection of HPAI viruses in colony-breeding seabirds. Besides EA-2022-BB and other circulating genotypes, these detections also included EA-2023-DT, a new genotype that may transmit more efficiently among gulls. In Germany, HPAI A(H7N5) virus emerged in a poultry establishment near the border with the Netherlands. No new HPAI virus detections in mammals were reported in Europe during this period, but the number of reportedly affected dairy cattle establishments in the United States of America (USA) rose to >230 in 14 states, and HPAI virus was identified in three new mammal species. Between 21 June and 20 September 2024, 19 new human cases with avian influenza virus infection were reported from the USA (six A(H5N1) cases and five A(H5) cases), Cambodia (five A(H5N1) cases, including one fatal), China (one fatal A(H5N6) case and one A(H9N2) case), and Ghana (one A(H9N2) case). Most of the human cases (90%, n = 17/19) had reported exposure to poultry, live poultry markets, or dairy cattle prior to avian influenza virus detection or onset of illness. Human infections with avian influenza viruses remain rare and no evidence of human-to-human transmission has been documented in the reporting period. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian A(H5) influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general public in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). The risk of infection remains low-to-moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.

　　

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