11月7日,華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)油菜團(tuán)隊(duì)聯(lián)合生物信息團(tuán)隊(duì)在Genome Biology發(fā)表了題為“Comprehensive transcriptional variability analysis reveals gene networks regulating seed oil content of Brassica napus”的研究論文。該研究全面描述了油菜種子發(fā)育過(guò)程中轉(zhuǎn)錄組變異調(diào)控圖譜,并結(jié)合機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)與深度學(xué)習(xí)算法挖掘了油菜種子含油量調(diào)控新基因,研究結(jié)果為多倍體植物的不對(duì)稱調(diào)控提供了借鑒。
基因表達(dá)調(diào)控在植物表型和適應(yīng)性中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。遺傳變異可以通過(guò)影響基因表達(dá)進(jìn)而調(diào)控植物的表型,表達(dá)數(shù)量性狀位點(diǎn)(eQTL)研究將基因組變異和基因表達(dá)性狀聯(lián)系起來(lái),在解析植物性狀的關(guān)鍵基因和調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。群體轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù)為解析遺傳變異到表型架起了橋梁。熱點(diǎn)eQTL的解析可以幫助挖掘關(guān)鍵調(diào)控因子,最終構(gòu)建基因調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)。對(duì)于多倍體植物,eQTL也可以幫助解析亞基因組間調(diào)控特征。甘藍(lán)型油菜是世界上重要的油料作物,提高種子含油量是油菜重要的育種目標(biāo)之一。油菜是異源四倍體,基因組十分復(fù)雜,含油量基因的克隆和調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)解析在現(xiàn)階段依然充滿挑戰(zhàn)。
該研究對(duì)開花后20天(20 DAF)和40天(40 DAF)兩個(gè)發(fā)育階段的油菜種子的轉(zhuǎn)錄變異進(jìn)行了全面分析并且構(gòu)建了調(diào)控圖譜。在20 DAF和40 DAF分別檢測(cè)到79,605和76,713個(gè)表達(dá)的基因以及53,759和53,550個(gè)獨(dú)立的eQTL。首次在油菜中將eQTL和染色質(zhì)可及性相結(jié)合,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)相鄰的基因?qū)κ艿絣ocal eQTL的調(diào)控且具有相同的染色質(zhì)開放狀態(tài)時(shí),能表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的基因表達(dá)捎帶模式。
多倍體植物的亞基因組之間普遍存在不平衡的調(diào)節(jié)。eQTL分析也為剖析多倍體植物亞基因組間遺傳調(diào)控和了解異源多倍體亞基因組間同源基因?qū)Γ℉GPs)表達(dá)特征提供了豐富的信息。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)油菜An亞基因組相對(duì)于Cn亞基因組,具有更豐富的變異和更高的eQTL分布密度。亞基因組間比較分析表明,同源基因?qū)Υ嬖诜答佌{(diào)控,以維持部分基因的表達(dá)劑量平衡。
此外,本研究鑒定了141個(gè)熱點(diǎn)eQTL,并且在A09染色體上確定了一個(gè)影響含油量的關(guān)鍵熱點(diǎn),69.73%的含油量全轉(zhuǎn)錄組關(guān)聯(lián)分析顯著基因的eQTL與該熱點(diǎn)共定位。為了進(jìn)一步預(yù)測(cè)該熱點(diǎn)中影響含油量的關(guān)鍵調(diào)控因子和調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò),該研究使用了856個(gè)RNA-seq和59個(gè)ATAC-seq數(shù)據(jù)集構(gòu)建了XGBoost和basenji模型,預(yù)測(cè)并驗(yàn)證了轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NAC13和SCL31是含油量的正向調(diào)控因子。
該研究全面表征了油菜發(fā)育中種子的基因調(diào)控特征,并構(gòu)建了油菜eQTL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。重點(diǎn)利用多組學(xué)分析方法對(duì)調(diào)控油菜含油量的熱點(diǎn)eQTL候選基因進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè),成功克隆了兩個(gè)調(diào)控含油量的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,并構(gòu)建了油菜種子含油量的調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)。研究結(jié)果為多倍體植物的亞基因組不對(duì)稱調(diào)控提供了基礎(chǔ)和豐富的遺傳資源,也為油菜含油量遺傳改良提供重要理論依據(jù)。
華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)作物遺傳改良全國(guó)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室博士生譚增棟為該論文第一作者,趙虎博士、郭亮教授和謝為博教授為該論文通訊作者。德國(guó)吉森大學(xué)Rod Snowdon教授和Agnieszka Golicz博士、華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)劉克德教授、姚璇副教授和魯少平副研究員等參與了該研究。該研究受到國(guó)家杰出青年科學(xué)基金、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金和湖北洪山實(shí)驗(yàn)室重大項(xiàng)目資助。
【英文摘要】
Background
Regulation of gene expression plays an essential role in controlling the phenotypes of plants. Brassica napus (B. napus) is an important source for the vegetable oil in the world, and the seed oil content is an important trait of B. napus.
Results
We perform a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional variability in the seeds of B. napus at two developmental stages, 20 and 40 days after flowering (DAF)。 We detect 53,759 and 53,550 independent expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for 79,605 and 76,713 expressed genes at 20 and 40 DAF, respectively. Among them, the local eQTLs are mapped to the adjacent genes more frequently. The adjacent gene pairs are regulated by local eQTLs with the same open chromatin state and show a stronger mode of expression piggybacking. Inter-subgenomic analysis indicates that there is a feedback regulation for the homoeologous gene pairs to maintain partial expression dosage. We also identify 141 eQTL hotspots and find that hotspot87-88 co-localizes with a QTL for the seed oil content. To further resolve the regulatory network of this eQTL hotspot, we construct the XGBoost model using 856 RNA-seq datasets and the basenji model using 59 ATAC-seq datasets. Using these two models, we predict the mechanisms affecting the seed oil content regulated by hotspot87-88 and experimentally validate that the transcription factors, NAC13 and SCL31, positively regulate the seed oil content.
Conclusions
We comprehensively characterize the gene regulatory features in the seeds of B. napus and reveal the gene networks regulating the seed oil content of B. napus.
論文鏈接:https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-022-02801-z