近日,華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院副教授李劍在American Journal of Agricultural Economics (AJAE ,《美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)雜志》)發(fā)表了題為“A dynamic analysis of the distribution of commodity futures and spot prices”的研究論文,以谷物市場(chǎng)為例分析了期貨交易對(duì)平抑農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)價(jià)格波動(dòng)方面的動(dòng)態(tài)影響機(jī)制。
論文立足“構(gòu)建以市場(chǎng)機(jī)制為主導(dǎo)的農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理體系”重要命題,從理論層面探討了發(fā)展期貨交易工具、優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理市場(chǎng)化機(jī)制的制度前景和政策價(jià)值。論文的主要貢獻(xiàn)在于突破了傳統(tǒng)的“均值-方差”分析框架(mean-variance analysis),構(gòu)建了更廣義的價(jià)格分布函數(shù)估計(jì)方法(QVAR-Copula)。
該研究建立了一個(gè)涉及農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供需、期現(xiàn)套保和價(jià)格決定的理論模型,從理論上分析了期貨交易對(duì)現(xiàn)貨市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的影響不僅存在于低階矩層面(均值-方差),同時(shí)存在深層關(guān)聯(lián)(包括尾部和高階矩在內(nèi)的全分位點(diǎn)),這一發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于為大宗商品交易者在套期保值核算和資金配置決策方面提供新的思路和理論依據(jù)。
實(shí)證研究部分整理了1980-2019年CBOT大豆和玉米的期現(xiàn)貨市場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù),分析得出了一系列有價(jià)值的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。第一,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與理論分析相契合,期現(xiàn)價(jià)格關(guān)聯(lián)具有復(fù)雜動(dòng)態(tài)性,而且這種價(jià)格關(guān)聯(lián)隨期貨合約期限變化而存在“期限效應(yīng)”(time-to-maturity effect),期貨市場(chǎng)對(duì)現(xiàn)貨價(jià)格的平抑作用主要體現(xiàn)在臨近到期合約。第二,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了谷物期現(xiàn)價(jià)格存在顯著的非線性協(xié)整關(guān)系,市場(chǎng)相依性強(qiáng)度隨合約到期時(shí)間而變化。第三,在刻畫價(jià)格聯(lián)合分布函數(shù)基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步得到了期現(xiàn)貨基差分布時(shí)變規(guī)律,其對(duì)評(píng)估期現(xiàn)貨市場(chǎng)收斂性和套期保值效果具有關(guān)鍵作用。該研究構(gòu)建新的理論方法,分析了期貨市場(chǎng)對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格波動(dòng)的作用機(jī)理和動(dòng)態(tài)影響,為優(yōu)化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理工具創(chuàng)新和推動(dòng)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理體系市場(chǎng)化改革提供了有益啟示。
近年來,李劍及其所在課題組圍繞農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理與價(jià)格波動(dòng)問題,聚焦破解“如何構(gòu)建以市場(chǎng)機(jī)制為主導(dǎo)的農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理體系”這一重要理論與實(shí)踐問題。團(tuán)隊(duì)立足前沿,對(duì)市場(chǎng)化管理機(jī)制的可行工具(期貨期權(quán)和農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn))及其與現(xiàn)行農(nóng)業(yè)政策的適配性問題展開了系統(tǒng)性研究。2017年起,李劍所在課題組與農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理理論資深學(xué)者——美國(guó)威斯康星大學(xué)Jean-Paul Chavas教授團(tuán)隊(duì)開展長(zhǎng)期合作研究,在國(guó)際農(nóng)經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)刊Agricultural Economics發(fā)表3篇系列論文,在國(guó)內(nèi)《管理世界》《中國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)》等期刊發(fā)表多篇相關(guān)研究論文,多次在美國(guó)農(nóng)經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)年會(huì)和國(guó)際農(nóng)經(jīng)學(xué)家大會(huì)報(bào)告交流。
該研究得到了國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目和學(xué)校“青年骨干國(guó)際培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃”的資助。
【英文摘要】
This paper investigates the role of futures markets and their dynamic effects on the stability of commodity prices. The analysis is based on combining two econometric approaches: a quantile vector autoregression (QVAR) model of the marginal distributions of futures and spot prices, and a copula of their joint distribution. Applied to the US soybean and corn markets over the period of 1980–2019, the econometric investigation finds evidence of nonlinear price dynamics that depend on the maturity of the futures contract and documents how marginal price distributions and associated moments evolve over time. based on the estimates of the QVAR model, we provide evidence of local instability in the upper tail of the price distributions. We find that the futures market helps stabilize the market under nearby futures contract maturity. We document the presence of nonlinear cointegration relationships between futures and spot price. Relying on a copula, we find a positive contemporaneous codependence between futures price and spot price across all quantiles, codependence that varies with the futures contract maturity. We also present evidence of a time-varying basis that affects the convergence properties of the futures and spot price. Our findings shed new light on the joint determination of futures and spot price in commodity markets.
論文鏈接:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajae.12309