近日,華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學魚類遺傳育種與繁育研究團隊公布了高質(zhì)量的團頭魴(武昌魚)基因組遺傳圖譜,基于比較基因組學探究了28種不同食性魚類嗅覺受體基因(ORs)家族的進化歷程和表達模式,發(fā)現(xiàn)魚類ORs的進化與其棲息環(huán)境和食性密切相關(guān),為魚類攝食研究提供了新思路,也為魚類定向育種提供理論支持。
團頭魴與斑馬魚基因組共線性分析
嗅覺是動物最重要的感覺系統(tǒng)之一。ORs主要在鼻腔嗅上皮中表達,可分辨各種不同的氣味分子,在食物選擇、有毒物質(zhì)識別及躲避天敵中扮演著重要角色。ORs是脊椎動物中最大的基因家族之一,尤其是哺乳動物,其數(shù)目占整個基因組基因總數(shù)的5%,哺乳動物嗅覺受體進化與其食性密切相關(guān),不同食性動物之所以能識別和區(qū)分成千上萬種不同的氣味,這與其基因組中ORs的數(shù)目有關(guān)。不同食性魚類嗅覺進化歷程有何不同,特別是植食性和肉食性魚類嗅覺的遺傳基礎(chǔ)是有何差別還不清楚。
魚類嗅覺受體基因家族的進化與表達模式
研究人員基于比較基因組學探究了28種不同食性(草食性、肉食性、雜食性和濾食性)魚類ORs的進化歷程,發(fā)現(xiàn)肉食性魚類總ORs拷貝數(shù)顯著低于草食性魚類,淡水草食性魚類特異性擴張ORs的β和ε亞型??蒲腥藛T認為這種擴張受到正選擇壓力驅(qū)使,通過對代表性魚類的嗅覺器官轉(zhuǎn)錄組測序與分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎所有ORs均表達,這一結(jié)果揭示了不同食性魚類ORs的進化歷程及其與食性的相關(guān)性,闡明了草食性魚類和肉食性魚類ORs的遺傳基礎(chǔ),為進一步探究嗅覺在魚類食性調(diào)控中的功能及分子機制奠定基礎(chǔ)。
【英文摘要】
The number of olfactory receptor genes (ORs), which are responsible for detecting diverse odor molecules varies extensively among mammals as a result of frequent gene gains and losses that contribute to olfactory specialization. However, how OR expansions/contractions in fish are influenced by habitat and feeding habit and which OR subfamilies are important in each ecological niche is unknown. Here, we report a major OR expansion in a freshwater herbivorous fish, Megalobrama amblycephala, using a highly contiguous, chromosome-level assembly. We evaluate the possible contribution of OR expansion to habitat and feeding specialization by comparing the OR repertoire in 28 phylogenetically and ecologically diverse teleosts. In total, we analyzed > 4,000 ORs including 3,253 intact, 122 truncated and 913 pseudogenes. The number of intact ORs is highly.
論文鏈接:https://academic.oup.com/mbe/advance-article/doi/10.1093/molbev/msab152/6277737?guestAccessKey=8ea0bded-aa5c-42cf-a16f-f42f5451c1ad