獼猴桃是原產(chǎn)于我國的重要果樹。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),我國獼猴桃選育品種累計(jì)達(dá)180余個(gè),栽培總面積400多萬畝,產(chǎn)量超過300萬噸,兩者均穩(wěn)居世界第一(超過50%),在脫貧攻堅(jiān)和鄉(xiāng)村振興事業(yè)中發(fā)揮了重要作用。獼猴桃是淀粉積累型水果,其淀粉含量占干物質(zhì)的40%左右,是決定風(fēng)味和貯藏性能關(guān)鍵因素。淀粉體是一種非光合的質(zhì)體形式,是淀粉代謝的重要場所。一般,質(zhì)體定位的2000-3000個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)中,僅有150個(gè)左右是質(zhì)體自身編碼的蛋白,其他均為通過TOC/TIC等復(fù)雜途徑轉(zhuǎn)入。因此,探討果實(shí)淀粉體的生物發(fā)生和分化機(jī)制就顯得十分重要。
近日,華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)果蔬園藝作物種質(zhì)創(chuàng)新與利用全國重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室程運(yùn)江教授/曾云流副教授課題組在The Plant Journal發(fā)表了題為The kiwifruit amyloplast proteome (kfALP): a resource to better understand the mechanisms underlying amyloplast biogenesis and differentiation的學(xué)術(shù)論文,揭示了獼猴桃果實(shí)淀粉體生物發(fā)生和分化的潛在分子機(jī)制。
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)黃肉和綠肉獼猴桃果實(shí)的淀粉體的生物發(fā)生模式相似,都由葉綠體分化而來。然而,其淀粉體分化模式卻存在差異:黃肉獼猴桃果實(shí)淀粉體分化為含有大量質(zhì)體小球的有色體,并伴隨著淀粉顆粒的降解和類囊體膜的消失,而綠肉果實(shí)的葉綠體結(jié)構(gòu)一直比較穩(wěn)定(圖1)。這很好地解釋了滯綠/褪綠表型,并構(gòu)成了甜度風(fēng)味形成的結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)。
我們創(chuàng)造性地發(fā)明了一種基于密度梯度離心方法的獼猴桃果肉淀粉體的分離提純方法,并將之成功的應(yīng)用到黃/綠肉的不同發(fā)育與成熟期質(zhì)體的分離提純?;诖耍覀兪紫壤肔abel-free和TMT技術(shù),解析并構(gòu)建了目前為止最大的淀粉體蛋白譜庫(圖2)。其次,比較蛋白組學(xué)分析表明GWD、PWD及BAM等多個(gè)參與淀粉代謝的關(guān)鍵蛋白,可能參與淀粉顆粒的降解;TOC/TIC以及ATPase蛋白可能參與淀粉體生物形成與分化。更為重要的是,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)光合作用和四吡咯途徑相關(guān)蛋白在兩種果實(shí)淀粉體分化過程中的變化模式存在顯著差異,推測二者可能是影響淀粉體分化的關(guān)鍵蛋白。
綜上所述,上述結(jié)果重塑了以淀粉體為中心的質(zhì)體分化網(wǎng)絡(luò),為獼猴桃果實(shí)品質(zhì)提升,提供了重要研究方向。
華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝學(xué)博士李昂為論文第一作者,華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)果樹系曾云流副教授為該論文通訊作者,程運(yùn)江教授、已畢業(yè)研究生林加嘉和浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院鄧志平研究員等參與了研究。新西蘭植物與食品研究院Ross Atkinson, Niels J Nieuwenhuizen、Charles Ampomah-Dwamena 等對(duì)該研究進(jìn)行了指導(dǎo)。本研究得到了國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目面上項(xiàng)目、國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)柑橘產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系、國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)、湖北省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)等項(xiàng)目的資助。
曾云流副教授領(lǐng)銜的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)長期從事果實(shí)品質(zhì)調(diào)控研究,受聘為國家現(xiàn)代(柑橘)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系獼猴桃質(zhì)量安全與加工保鮮崗位、湖北省高層次人才計(jì)劃。質(zhì)體是植物特有的一類亞細(xì)胞器,質(zhì)體分化是采后成熟與衰老的主要表征,比如轉(zhuǎn)色、淀粉降解和香氣釋放。課題組以獼猴桃、柑橘果實(shí)為材料,建立了有色體(JXB, 2011)、造油體(Horticulture Research, 2018)、淀粉體(Plant Journal, 2023a),及質(zhì)體小球(Plant Journal, 2023b)的高純度分離提純方法。通過研究溫度、光質(zhì)、乙烯等信號(hào)調(diào)控質(zhì)體分化,如淀粉體-有色體分化(Plant Physiol, 2015),解析了果實(shí)風(fēng)味形成機(jī)制,在輔助萜烯類香氣育種(Plant Physiol, 2020)、色澤改良(JXB, 2021)等方面取得了重要突破。同時(shí),開發(fā)了配套品質(zhì)提升技術(shù)、工藝與裝備,比如金柑果面/獼猴桃果肉快速褪綠技術(shù),獼猴桃果面色斑去除裝備,獼猴桃變溫即食控熟裝備等等,這些裝備已經(jīng)在主產(chǎn)區(qū)推廣應(yīng)用,取得了良好效益。
【英文摘要】
The biogenesis and differentiation (B&D) of amyloplasts contributes to fruit flavor and color. Here, remodeling of starch granules, thylakoids and plastoglobules was observed during development and ripening in two kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) cultivars – yellow-fleshed 'Hort16A' and green-fleshed 'Hayward‘。 A protocol was developed to purify starch-containing plastids with a high degree of intactness, and amyloplast B&D was studied using label-free-based quantitative proteomic analyses in both cultivars. Over 3000 amyloplast-localized proteins were identified, of which >98% were quantified and defined as the kfALP (kiwifruit amyloplast proteome)。 The kfALP data were validated by Tandem-Mass-Tag (TMT) labeled proteomics in 'Hort16A’。 Analysis of the proteomic data across development and ripening revealed: 1) a conserved increase in the abundance of proteins participating in starch synthesis/degradation during both amyloplast B&D; 2) up-regulation of proteins for chlorophyll degradation and of plastoglobule-localized proteins associated with chloroplast breakdown and plastoglobule formation during amyloplast differentiation; 3) constitutive expression of proteins involved in ATP supply and protein import during amyloplast B&D. Interestingly, two different pathways of amyloplast B&D were observed in the two cultivars. In 'Hayward‘, significant increases in abundance of photosynthetic- and tetrapyrrole metabolism-related proteins were observed, but the opposite trend was observed in 'Hort16A’。 In conclusion, analysis of the kfALP provides new insights into the potential mechanisms underlying amyloplast B&D with relevance to key fruit quality traits in contrasting kiwifruit cultivars.
原文鏈接:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tpj.16611