沙門氏菌，科學界125年走不出的迷霧

    食品伙伴網(wǎng)報道，據(jù)美國食品安全網(wǎng)8月4日消息，在美國加州南部城市阿納海姆舉行的國際食品保護協(xié)會（IAFP）年會8月3日的議題是沙門氏菌。1885年丹尼爾沙門的學生西奧博爾德史密斯發(fā)現(xiàn)并分離到沙門氏菌，并以其老師的名字為其命名。在當天的會議上，世界范圍內(nèi)的科學家都同意：沙門氏菌留給他們太多的迷惑了，在經(jīng)過一個多世紀的研究之后，仍舊是問題比答案要多得多。
 

    來自美國農(nóng)業(yè)部的研究者指出，在1923年-2010年期間，學術(shù)界撰寫了超過6700篇關于沙門氏菌的科研論文，然而，這其中有很多人所提問的問題是在20世紀初期人們就提出的問題。我們對沙門氏菌知之甚少，我們需要了解它。

    沙門氏菌分布廣泛，上至海拔40英里高度的大氣層、下至7英里深的海洋，以及24英尺深的地下，都可以發(fā)現(xiàn)沙門氏菌的蹤跡。其中一些菌株對動物有害，一些對人體有害，一些對兩者都有害。一些菌株傳播廣泛，一些菌株僅限于某些地區(qū)，例如DT104只在英國和西北太平洋地區(qū)*出現(xiàn)。

    來自澳大利亞新南威爾士州立大學的一名學者就“為什么有的沙門氏菌會遷移，而有的沙門氏菌株則不會”而提出了理論。

    之前在佐治亞州大學，現(xiàn)就職于可口可樂的一名學者表示，在各種血清型不同的沙門氏菌中存在競爭，“生物是不同的，它們?yōu)榱松娑偁帯?rdquo;

    不同的次數(shù)和測試方法，會得到不同的結(jié)果。在幾小時的測試中，一種菌株占優(yōu)勢，而在第二天，另一菌株占優(yōu)勢。
    
    食品伙伴網(wǎng)編者注：文中“*”所標注的西北太平洋地區(qū)是字面翻譯，因為從文中可見該菌屬在海洋中也存在，所以請教了地理專業(yè)的同學，翻譯為“西北太平洋地區(qū)”，若讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)有誤，望批評指正。

    本報道由食品伙伴網(wǎng)編譯整理，僅供食品行業(yè)相關人士參考，詳細內(nèi)容以國外原文報道為準。

    原文地址：http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2010/08/salmonella-befuddles-science-for-125-years/

    原文報道：

Salmonella 'Befuddles' Science for 125 Years

by Dan Flynn | Aug 04, 2010
ANAHEIM -- Daniel Salmon did not 125 years ago discover the pathogen Salmonella.  His student Theobald Smith did.  The bacteria has so "befuddled" science since then that Salmon might well have not had his name associated with the whole affair.

A worldwide panel of scientists Tuesday at the annual meeting of the International Association of Food Protection (IAFP) agreed that Salmonella has left them befuddled, with more questions than answers after more than a century of research.

Paula Fedorka-Cray, a researcher for the USDA Agricultural Research Station associated with the University of Georgia at Athens, pointed to over 6,700 research papers on Salmonella that were written between 1923 and 2010, and how many of them are asking the same questions now as they did early in the 20th century.

"We do not know everything that we need to know about Salmonella," she said.

Salmonella, according to Fedorka-Cray, can be found 40 miles up in the atmosphere, seven miles under the ocean, and up to 24 feet under the ground.   Some strains are harmful to animals, some to humans, and some to both.  Some strains travel widely, and some are limited to certain areas like the DT104 strain which is typically found only in the United Kingdom and the Pacific Northwest.

Julian Cox of the University of New South Wales in Australia presented theories on why some strains of Salmonella travel and some do not.

Jason Richardson, a former University of Georgia researcher now with Coca Cola, said there is a "slugfest" going on between the various serotypes of Salmonella.  "Organisms are different and they are competing to stay alive," he said.

Differing times and testing methods can produce different results, Richardson said.  One strain might be dominant in a few hours of testing and another after a day. 

Also speaking at "The Salmonella Smorgasbord: The Problem of Too Many Choices" were Shawn Bearson and Mark Berrang, both with the Agricultural Research Station in Athens, and Bob Reinhard from the Sara Lee Corp.

The IAFP annual meeting wraps up today at the Anaheim Convention Center.